This book examines the international picture regarding probiotic food applications, placing a particular emphasis on the legal context and assessment procedures of probiotic health claims in the major markets for these products. Health claim legislation is described and the ways in which manufacturers can ensure compliance are discussed.
The book also covers the use of meta-analysis to assess available data, and case examples from various regulatory cultures and traditions are included. It will be of interest to food industry scientists, executives and R&D personnel; international regulatory advisers and administrators; researchers, educators and students on food science courses.
Key Features
- Focuses on health claim legislation for this commercially important food sector.
- Includes chapters on the current situation in all the major world markets including Europe, the USA, Japan, India and China.
- Covers food, feed and pharmaceutical applications of probiotics.
Contents
1 Probiotics and Health: From History to Future
- 1.1 Early history of the use of microorganisms for human benefit.
- 1.2 Overview of probiotic studies and results for the past years.
- 1.3 Current evidence for probiotic health benefits.
- 1.4 Nutritional effects of probiotics.
- 1.5 Future development and uses of probiotics for health application.
- 1.6 Conclusions.
2 The World’s Oldest Probiotic: Perspectives for Health Claims
- 2.1 From theory to practice: the challenge of Dr Minoru Shirota.
- 2.2 Health benefits of Yakult and L. casei Shirota.
- 2.3 Safety.
- 2.4 Health claims for L. casei Shirota and the product Yakult.
- 2.5 Current perspectives.
3 Probiotics: from Strain to Product
- 3.1 Introduction.
- 3.2 Isolating a potential probiotic strain.
- 3.3 Producing probiotic strains on a large scale.
- 3.4 Producing products containing probiotics.
- 3.5 Probiotic products and feeding trials.
- 3.6 Conclusion.
4 Probiotics and Health Claims: Challenges for Tailoring their Efficacy
- 4.1 Introduction.
- 4.2 Current selection of probiotics: setting the scene for tailoring probiotics.
- 4.3 Improving the assessment of probiosis.
- 4.4 Improving the discovery of probiotic strains.
- 4.5 Improving probiotic specificity.
- 4.6 Conclusions.
5 Probiotics: from Origin to Labeling from a European and Brazilian Perspective
- 5.1 Introduction.
- 5.2 Terminology and probiotics.
- 5.3 Health claim regulation in the European Union.
- 5.4 Health claims in Europe.
- 5.5 Health claim regulation in Brazil.
- 5.6 Defining health claims.
- 5.7 Specific challenges for probiotics.
6 Substantiating Health Benefit Claims for Probiotics in the United States
- 6.1 Introduction.
- 6.2 Health benefit claims allowable in the United States.
- 6.3 Substantiation of health benefit claims for probiotics.
- 6.4 Bridging the gap between the US consumer, probiotic science and commercial products.
- 6.5 Conclusions.
7 Health Claims and Dietary Guidance in the United States: Case "Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risk"
- 7.1 Introduction.
- 7.2 Types of health claims.
- 7.3 Legislation governing US health claims.
- 7.4 Dietary guidance to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
- 7.5 Current challenges.
8 Probiotics and Health Claims: a Japanese Perspective
- 8.1 Introduction.
- 8.2 FOSHU health claims.
- 8.3 Non-FOSHU health claims for probiotics in Japan.
9 Regulation of Probiotics in China
- 9.1 Introduction.
- 9.2 Health food or medicine?
- 9.3 Health food regulations.
- 9.4 Novel food regulation.
10 Probiotics and Health Claims: an Indian Perspective
- 10.1 The background.
- 10.2 The status.
- 10.3 Animal studies.
- 10.4 Human studies.
- 10.5 An Indian perspective on regulation of probiotics.
11 The Role of Meta-analysis in the Evaluation of Clinical Trials on Probiotics
- 11.1 Introduction.
- 11.2 What is a systematic review? What is a meta-analysis?
- 11.3 How to conduct a systematic review.
- 11.4 Why perform a meta-analysis?
- 11.5 Heterogeneity.
- 11.6 How to interpret a forest plot.
- 11.7 Critical appraisal of a systematic review.
- 11.8 Published meta-analyses on the effects of probiotics.
- 11.9 Is a meta-analytical approach appropriate for assessing the efficacy of probiotics?
- 11.10 What could be the solution?
- 11.11 Unpublished data.
- 11.12 Quality of included trials.
- 11.13 Inconclusive systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
- 11.14 Opposite conclusions.
- 11.15 Summary and key messages.
12 Applied Studies with Probiotics: Fundamentals for Meeting the Health Claims
- 12.1 Introduction.
- 12.2 Mycotoxin problem.
- 12.3 Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain effectively binds aflatoxin: in vitro findings.
- 12.4 Animal models for studying the aflatoxin–probiotic interaction.
- 12.5 Field studies with Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain in aflatoxin-exposed populations.
13 Probiotics Research: the Pediatric Perspective
- 13.1 Introduction.
- 13.2 Development of the gastrointestinal flora postnatally.
- 13.3 Probiotics in infant nutrition.
- 13.4 Clinical effect of probiotics in children.
- 13.5 Summary and key messages.
14 Probiotics and Health Claims Related to OTC Products and Pharmaceutical Preparations
- 14.1 Introduction.
- 14.2 Production, processing and formulation of probiotic cultures for pharmaceutical purposes.
- 14.3 Clinical studies.
- 14.4 Evaluation and outlook.
15 Probiotics and Health Claims: the Perspective of the Feed Industry
- 15.1 Introduction and history.
- 15.2 Feed probiotics versus food probiotics.
- 15.3 Efficacy.
- 15.4 Feed probiotics.
- 15.5 Authorisation processes.
- 15.6 Probiotics as performance enhancers: conclusions.
16 Developing LGGExtra, a Probiotic Multispecies Combination
- 16.1 Introduction.
- 16.2 Strain selection.
- 16.3 Probiotic characteristics of the strains.
- 16.4 Clinical studies on the probiotic multispecies LGG®Extra combination.
- 16.5 Conclusions.
17 Probiotics and Health Claims: How to Be Met by SMEs?
- 17.1 Introduction.
- 17.2 Developing proprietary probiotic strains.
- 17.3 Probiotic research by SMEs using strains from larger companies.
- 17.4 Example of successful probiotic research program by an SME company: the development of probiotic strains Bifidobacterium longum and B. longum C.
18 Probiotic Products: How Can They Meet the Requirements?
- 18.1 Introduction.
- 18.2 Quality criteria of probiotics.
- 18.3 Future perspectives.
19 Probiotics and Health Claims: Hurdles for New Applications?
- 19.1 Introduction.
- 19.2 Identifying the hurdles.
- 19.3 Approaching the hurdles.
- 19.4 New perspectives.
- 19.5 Conclusions.
20 Probiotics and Innovation
- 20.1 Introduction.
- 20.2 Not all probiotics are the same: genomic perspective.
- 20.3 Not all probiotic foods are the same: functional perspective.
- 20.4 Not all probiotics are cross-talking in the same way: dialogue with the host.
- 20.5 European regulatory perspective: a threat or an opportunity?
- 20.6 Conclusion.
Index.
About the Author
- Wolfgang Kneifel is Professor for Food Quality Assurance at BOKU, Vienna.
- Seppo Salminen is Professor and Head of the Functional Foods Forum at the University of Turku, Finland.
Book Details
- Hardcover: 360 pages
- Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 1 edition (February 8, 2011)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 140519491X
- ISBN-13: 978-1405194914
- Product Dimensions: 7 x 1 x 9.9 inches
List Price: $209.95